Search results for "Directed Graphs"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

Impact of physicians’ participation in non-interventional post-marketing studies on their prescription habits: A retrospective 2-armed cohort study i…

2020

Background Non-interventional post-marketing studies (NIPMSs) sponsored by pharmaceutical companies are controversial because, while they are theoretically useful instruments for pharmacovigilance, some authors have hypothesized that they are merely marketing instruments used to influence physicians’ prescription behavior. So far, it has not been shown, to our knowledge, whether NIPMSs actually do have an influence on prescription behavior. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether physicians’ participation in NIPMSs initiated by pharmaceutical companies has an impact on their prescription behavior. In addition, we wanted to analyze whether specific characteristics of…

Medical DoctorsEconomicsHealth Care ProvidersSocial Sciences030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyDirected Acyclic GraphsHabits0302 clinical medicineSociologyGermanyMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologyMedicineMedical Personnel030212 general & internal medicinePractice Patterns Physicians'Marketingmedia_commonMarketingDirected GraphsRGeneral MedicineDrug MarketingProfessionsData AcquisitionResearch DesignPhysical SciencesMedicineResearch ArticleCohort studyDrugComputer and Information SciencesDrug Research and DevelopmentClinical Research Designmedia_common.quotation_subjectMEDLINEResearch and Analysis Methods03 medical and health sciencesHealth EconomicsPhysiciansPharmacovigilanceProduct Surveillance PostmarketingHumansMedical prescriptionAdverse effectRetrospective StudiesPharmacologyBehaviorbusiness.industryBiology and Life SciencesRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioCommunicationsHealth CareGraph TheoryPeople and PlacesPopulation GroupingsAdverse EventsbusinessMathematicsHealth InsurancePLOS Medicine
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Robust Conditional Independence maps of single-voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectra to elucidate associations between brain tumours and metabolites.

2020

The aim of the paper is two-fold. First, we show that structure finding with the PC algorithm can be inherently unstable and requires further operational constraints in order to consistently obtain models that are faithful to the data. We propose a methodology to stabilise the structure finding process, minimising both false positive and false negative error rates. This is demonstrated with synthetic data. Second, to apply the proposed structure finding methodology to a data set comprising single-voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectra of normal brain and three classes of brain tumours, to elucidate the associations between brain tumour types and a range of observed metabolites that are known to b…

False discovery rateB VitaminsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyComputer scienceDirected Acyclic GraphsBiochemistry030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging0302 clinical medicineMetabolitesMedicine and Health SciencesAmino AcidsQANeurological Tumors0303 health sciencesMultidisciplinaryDirected GraphsOrganic CompoundsBrain NeoplasmsQRTotal Cell CountingBrainMutual informationVitaminsLipidsChemistryConditional independenceOncologyNeurologyPhysical SciencesEngineering and TechnologyMedicineMeningiomaAlgorithmManagement EngineeringAlgorithmsResearch ArticleComputer and Information SciencesScienceCell Enumeration TechniquesGlycineFeature selectionCholinesResearch and Analysis MethodsSynthetic data03 medical and health sciencesInsuranceRobustness (computer science)HumansMetabolomics030304 developmental biologyRisk ManagementOrganic ChemistryChemical CompoundsBayesian networkBiology and Life SciencesCancers and NeoplasmsProteinsBayes TheoremDirected acyclic graphR1MetabolismAliphatic Amino AcidsGraph TheoryMathematicsPLoS ONE
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Topology of synaptic connectivity constrains neuronal stimulus representation, predicting two complementary coding strategies

2022

In motor-related brain regions, movement intention has been successfully decoded from in-vivo spike train by isolating a lower-dimension manifold that the high-dimensional spiking activity is constrained to. The mechanism enforcing this constraint remains unclear, although it has been hypothesized to be implemented by the connectivity of the sampled neurons. We test this idea and explore the interactions between local synaptic connectivity and its ability to encode information in a lower dimensional manifold through simulations of a detailed microcircuit model with realistic sources of noise. We confirm that even in isolation such a model can encode the identity of different stimuli in a lo…

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